Nine-foot-tall non-native Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) with an unconscionable quantity of very durable seeds in it’s huge seedheads, accompanied by vigorous non-native Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) blown to seed, both over-crowded by non-native Norwegian Cinquefoil (Potentilla norvegica). Natives hardly stand a chance here. But when the drought ebbs and the Lake comes up again, it erases all this. Some native perennial roots will persist, but how much of the non-native annual seeds progressively remain on the lake bed and shore? Here we are, doing the heedless experiment, with scant control.
